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Knowledge Saves Lives.
SIRONA Knowledge Hub
A space dedicated to knowledge about emergencies, trauma and prehospital care. Resources, infographics and training content to understand the core principles of care in critical situations.


TECC (Tactical Emergency Casualty Care): origins, principles and importance today
In a serious emergency, the first minutes can determine the outcome. Massive bleeding, a compromised airway or an unsafe environment do not wait for the scene to be under control. In that difficult space, where medical care meets risk, TECC comes in. Tactical Emergency Casualty Care, known by its acronym TECC, is a prehospital care approach designed for high-risk incidents. It is not limited to military contexts or exceptional situations. It also serves as a framework for res


TECC in three phases: how to treat casualties in civilian tactical incidents according to the threat
In a civilian tactical incident, the first question is not “what injury do they have?” but “can we get close without increasing the number of casualties?”. That difference changes everything. TECC, short for Tactical Emergency Casualty Care, adapts trauma care principles to civilian scenarios where a threat may still exist: an armed attack, a vehicle ramming, a violent riot, a hostage situation, an explosion or an active incident on a public street. Its value lies in ordering


What is TCCC and why is it key to tactical combat casualty care?
In a combat situation, the first few minutes can decide whether a wounded person reaches an evacuation point alive. The problem is that those minutes do not happen in a clean room with light, calm and every piece of equipment available. They happen under threat, with noise, stress, difficult terrain and limited resources. That is where TCCC comes in, short for Tactical Combat Casualty Care, known in Spanish as Cuidado Táctico de Heridos en Combate. It is not simply “military


Hypothermia in the trauma patient: a risk even when it is warm
A seriously injured casualty can lose heat even in good weather. Why it happens and how to prevent it from the first minutes: insulate, dry, wrap, cover and maintain.


MARCH: treat what kills first
Hemorrhage, airway and tension pneumothorax account for most preventable trauma deaths. Why the MARCH sequence is an order of lethality, not a checklist.
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